Osmosis and Transport Notes pg. 76-79
a. Define homeostasis
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external environment.
b. What is the purpose of insulin?
Insulin acts like a key that unlocks protein channels, allowing glucose to flow into the cell.
c. What is meant by negative feedback?
Negative feedback operates the blood glucose system and alerts the body when more or less insulin is needed.
d. How do the different systems work together to regulate blood sugar?
The endocrine system produces the hormone insulin and the circulatory system brings insulin to the cells.
3. The Transport Workshop (also linked in "Project Resources" in the project briefcase)>
a. What is active transport?
Active transport is the pumping of molecules against their concentration gradient with the expenditure of ATP.
b. What is an ion pump?
Special proteins that actively transport ions.
c. What is cotransport?
The coupled passage of two materials across a membrane.
d. What is endocytosis? Phagocytosis? Pinocytosis?
Endocytosis is the import of something through a membrane through infolding. Phagocytosis is cell eating and Pinocytosis is cell drinking.
e. Infer: what is exocytosis?
A fusion of the vesicle and membrane occur.
f. What is passive transport?
Movement of molecules across the cell that does not require ATP.
g. Distinguish between simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
Simple diffusion is molecules moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Osmosis is the same process of diffusion but with water. Facilitated diffusion is diffusion but with certain proteins allowing a molecule to go through the membrane.
h. Why are transport mechanisms important to all living things?
Transport mechanisms help living things maintain homeostasis, which is necessary for life.
i. Why is homeostasis important to life?
The body needs to be in balance for people to live. A simple off balance of one hormone or element can completely throw off a body.
j. How can you use this information in your final product?
Healthy living needs homeostasis. Active and passive transport can help correct the body to maintain homeostasis.
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Osmosis - Diffusion of water across a semipermable membrane
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Isotonic - same concentration
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Hypertonic - More concentration surrounding cell
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Hypotonic - Less concentration surrounding cell
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Facilitated transport - Help with passive transport across a semipermable membrane
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Aquaporin - Makes transport quick
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Active transport - Transport against gradient, uses ATP
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Passive transport - Transport with gradient, does not use ATP